Seborrheic dermatitis, on the other hand, goes further: it’s a chronic inflammation that causes red patches with thick, yellowish scales. Besides the scalp, it can also affect the eyebrows, the backs of the ears, or even the nostrils.

How do you treat them?

Use specific shampoos containing ketoconazole, salicylic acid, or zinc pyrithione.
Consult a dermatologist for appropriate treatment if symptoms persist for more than two weeks.

Psoriasis: When the body attacks itself.
Scalp psoriasis is an autoimmune disease in which the body produces thick, red, and scaly patches. These patches itch, and scratching can cause bleeding.

Effective solutions:

Apply corticosteroid lotions and use medicated shampoos.
Oral treatment may be necessary for severe flare-ups.
Learn to manage stress, as this often worsens the symptoms.
Pityriasis: Dry, scaly patches

Pityriasis rosea, a less common condition, can also affect the scalp. It appears as a large, dry patch followed by several smaller ones.

How can I get relief?

Moisturize with soothing lotions.

Avoid scratching to prevent further skin irritation.
Pityriasis usually clears up on its own within a few weeks.
Fungal infections: when the redness persists.
Fungal infections, such as ringworm (tinea capitis), cause itching, accompanied by redness, flaking, and sometimes localized hair loss.